Drug Discovery Industry

Future Scope of Drug Discovery Industry

In the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate drugs are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient in traditional remedies or by chance discovery, such as penicillin. More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products, or extracts in intact cells or whole organisms have been analyzed to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. After human genome sequencing allowed for rapid cloning and synthesis of large amounts of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high-throughput screening of large libraries of compounds against isolated biological targets that are hypothesized as modifiers of the disease in a process known as reverse. pharmacology. The results of these screens are then tested on cells and then animals to determine their effectiveness.

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Some of the key players of Drug Discovery Industry:

AMRI Global, GenScript, Boehringer Ingelheim, INC, Johnson and Johnson, Eli Lily, Novartis, Pfizer, Glaxosmithkline LLC, IQVIA, AstraZeneca PLC, Viva Biotech (Shanghai) Ltd., Merck & Co., Evotec A.G., Roche Holding AG, Sanofi, WIL Research Laboratories, Covance, Bayer AG

Modern drug discovery involves identifying detection results, medicinal chemistry, and optimizing those results to increase affinity, selectivity (to reduce potential for side effects), efficacy / potency, metabolic stability (to increase half-life) and oral administration. bioavailability. Once a compound that meets all of these requirements has been identified, the drug development process can continue. If successful, clinical trials are developed.

Thus, modern drug discovery is often a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical companies and national governments (which provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery remains a long, "expensive, difficult, and ineffective" process with a low rate of new therapeutic discoveries. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity was approximately US $ 1.8 billion. In the 21st century, basic discovery research is funded primarily by governments and philanthropic organizations, while late-stage development is funded primarily by pharmaceutical companies or venture capitalists. To be allowed to go to market, drugs must go through several successful phases of clinical trials and go through a new drug approval process, called a New Drug Application in the United States.